Evidence-based education studiesEvidence-based education studiesДоказательная педагогика, психология3034-29963034-4220Togliatti State University106510.18323/3034-2996-2024-2-35-49Pedagogical SciencesПедагогические наукиResearch ArticleResearch on the influencing factors and transmission mechanism of rural teachers’ retentionИсследование факторов и механизма удержания сельских учителейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-4631YuHaiyingЮйХайин
Taiwan, Province of China

Doctor of Sciences (Education), Professor, Dean of the School of Education Science, tutor of master students

доктор педагогических наук, профессор, декан факультета педагогики, научный руководитель студентов магистратуры

0701008@mdjnu.edu.cnhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-7717-9868PengJingxuanПэнЦзинсюань
Taiwan, Province of China

graduate student

аспирант

xxuuaann888@163.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-6816-0382YuShanЮйШань
Taiwan, Province of China

graduate student

аспирант

19917564945@163.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-2586-3467YuYingЮйИн
Taiwan, Province of China

graduate student

аспирант

yying12323@163.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-1303-6965SongYangСунЯн
Taiwan, Province of China

graduate student

аспирант

sy1967066570@163.comMudanjiang Normal UniversityМуданьцзянский педагогический университетgraduate studentМуданьцзянский педагогический университет280620242354928062024Copyright ©; 2024, Yu Haiying, Peng Jingxuan, Yu Shan, Yu Ying, Song YangCopyright ©; 2024, Юй Хайин, Пэн Цзинсюань, Юй Шань, Юй Ин, Сун Ян2024Yu Haiying, Peng Jingxuan, Yu Shan, Yu Ying, Song YangЮй Хайин, Пэн Цзинсюань, Юй Шань, Юй Ин, Сун Янhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://vektornaukipedagogika.ru/jour/article/view/1065

To solve the problem of rural teacher retention, it is necessary to systematically explore its influencing factors from the perspectives of theory, policy and technology, find the realistic starting point for improvement, and put forward the optimization path for the operation of retention strategy. Based on 4746 data collected from 10 regions in Heilongjiang province of China, this paper makes an in-depth study on the influencing factors, and transmission mechanism of rural teacher retention. The results show that: (1) There is a significant correlation between teachers’ professional quality, organizational commitment, matching degree and compensation intensity, and rural teachers’ retention, and organizational commitment is the most influential factor. (2) The professional quality of teachers significantly affects the retention of rural teachers through the mediating effect of organizational commitment, and matching degree. (3) Compensation intensity plays a significant moderating role in the influence of teachers’ professional quality on organizational commitment, matching degree and retention of rural teachers, and the positive moderating effect of low compensation intensity is stronger. In order to retain rural teachers better, it is necessary to provide strong support conditions, and enhance the level of teachers’ organizational commitment. Enhance the matching degree between teachers and rural environment in multiple dimensions. The data system of rural teachers’ human resources should be established, and appropriate compensation policies should be formulated.

Для решения проблемы удержания сельских учителей необходимо систематически исследовать влияющие на него факторы с точки зрения теории, политики и технологий, найти реалистичную отправную точку для улучшения ситуации и предложить направление оптимизации стратегии удержания. На основе 4 746 анкет, собранных в 10 регионах китайской провинции Хэйлунцзян, проведено углубленное исследование факторов и механизма удержания сельских учителей. Выявлена значительная корреляция между уровнем профессионализма учителей, приверженностью организации, степенью приспособленности учителей к сельской среде, размером вознаграждения и готовностью учителей остаться в сельской школе. Наиболее влиятельным фактором является приверженность организации. Уровень профессионализма оказывает существенное влияние на удержание сельских учителей; приверженность организации и степень приспособленности учителей к сельской среде влияют опосредованно. Размер заработной платы влияет на профессиональные качества учителей, на приверженность организации, соответствие требованиям и удержание сельских учителей на рабочем месте и оказывает значительное регулирующее воздействие, которое снижается при понижении заработной платы. Для эффективного удержания сельских учителей необходимо обеспечить им сильную поддержку и повысить уровень приверженности организации; повысить степень приспособленности учителей к сельской среде в различных направлениях; создать базу человеческих ресурсов сельских учителей и сформулировать соответствующую политику оплаты труда.

rural teachersretentionmultiple intermediariesregulating effectсельские учителяудержаниемногочисленные посредникирегулирующий эффектrural teachers; retention; multiple intermediaries; regulating effectсельские учителя; удержание; многочисленные посредники; регулирующий эффектYu Haiying, Chen Min. A Study on the Policy of Teacher Quality Monitoring of Elementary Education in India. Foreign Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad, 2017, no. 8, pp. 42–48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8495.2017.08.006.Yu Haiying, Chen Min. A Study on the Policy of Teacher Quality Monitoring of Elementary Education in India // Foreign Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad. 2017. № 8. P. 42–48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8495.2017.08.006.Stone D. Recruiting and retaining teachers in rural schools. Far West Laboratory Knowledge Brief, 1990, no. 1, pp. 2–5.Stone D. Recruiting and retaining teachers in rural schools // Far West Laboratory Knowledge Brief. 1990. № 1. P. 2–5.Klassen R.M., Usher E.L., Bong M. Teachers’ Collective Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, and Job Stress in Cross-cultural Context. The Journal of Experimental Education, 2010, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 464–486. DOI: 10.1080/00220970903292975.Klassen R.M., Usher E.L., Bong M. Teachers’ Collective Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, and Job Stress in Cross-cultural Context // The Journal of Experimental Education. 2010. Vol. 78. № 4. P. 464–486. DOI: 10.1080/00220970903292975.Xin Z. Enhancing Rural Teachers’ Professional Attraction in Minority Regions Ideas and Routes of Practice. Educational Research, 2019, no. 1, pp. 131–140.Xin Z. Enhancing Rural Teachers’ Professional Attraction in Minority Regions Ideas and Routes of Practice // Educational Research. 2019. № 1. P. 131–140.Jeremy W. An Exploration of Teacher Retention in Rural School Districts in Eastern Kentucky. Uknowledge: open scholarship, data, and Creative works. DOI: 10.13023/ETD.2016.212.Jeremy W. An Exploration of Teacher Retention in Rural School Districts in Eastern Kentucky // Uknowledge: open scholarship, data, and Creative works. DOI: 10.13023/ETD.2016.212.Lin Haifeng, Wang Mengxia. How the sense of acquisition of young rural teachers affects their willingness to stay on the job the intermediary effect of life satisfaction. Journal of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, 2022, no. 2, pp. 59–75. DOI: 10.19503/j.cnki.1671-6124.2022.02.007.Lin Haifeng, Wang Mengxia. How the sense of acquisition of young rural teachers affects their willingness to stay on the job the intermediary effect of life satisfaction // Journal of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University. 2022. № 2. P. 59–75. DOI: 10.19503/j.cnki.1671-6124.2022.02.007.Yang Liu, Zhang Xu. Reflection on the Dilemma of Rural Teachers Preparation. Research in Educational Development, 2016, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 24–30. DOI: 10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2016.z2.006.Yang Liu, Zhang Xu. Reflection on the Dilemma of Rural Teachers Preparation // Research in Educational Development. 2016. Vol. 36. № 2. P. 24–30. DOI: 10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2016.z2.006.Meihong X. On the rationality of the loss of rural teachers - based on the theoretical perspective of fairness. Journal of Shanghai Educational Research, 2016, no. 2, pp. 10–13.Meihong X. On the rationality of the loss of rural teachers - based on the theoretical perspective of fairness // Journal of Shanghai Educational Research. 2016. № 2. P. 10–13.Brown K.M., Schainker S.A. Doing all the right things: Teacher retention issues. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 2008, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 10–17. DOI: 10.1177/1555458908325045.Brown K.M., Schainker S.A. Doing all the right things: Teacher retention issues // Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership. 2008. Vol. 11. № 1. P. 10–17. DOI: 10.1177/1555458908325045.Brown K.M., Wynn S.R. Teacher retention issues: How some principals are supporting and keeping new teachers. Journal of School Leadership, 2007, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 664–698. DOI: 10.1177/105268460701700601.Brown K.M., Wynn S.R. Teacher retention issues: How some principals are supporting and keeping new teachers // Journal of School Leadership. 2007. Vol. 17. № 6. P. 664–698. DOI: 10.1177/105268460701700601.Mao Chunfeng. Review and Reflection on the Research on the Loss of Rural Teachers – The Introduction of Social Work System. Hubei Social Sciences, 2009, no. 2, pp. 162–165. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8477.2009.02.046.Mao Chunfeng. Review and Reflection on the Research on the Loss of Rural Teachers - The Introduction of Social Work System // Hubei Social Sciences. 2009. № 2. P. 162–165. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8477.2009.02.046.Wang Yanling, Li Huiqin. Empirical Analysis of Rural Teachers’ Intention of Turnover: Based on the Survey in Yunnan Province. Journal of East China Normal University (Educational Sciences), 2017, no. 3, pp. 134–141. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2017.03.014.Yanling W., Huiqin L. An Empirical Analysis of Rural Teachers’ Intention of Turnover: Based on the Survey in Yunnan Province // Journal of East China Normal University (Educational Sciences). 2017. № 3. P. 134–141. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2017.03.014.Yu Haiying, Tian Chunyan, Yuan Xinlei. Research On Social Support of Enhancing the Willingness of Rural Teachers’ Retention. Contemporary Education Sciences, 2023, no. 9, pp. 71–80. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2221.2023.09.009.Yu Haiying, Tian Chunyan, Yuan Xinlei. On Social Support of Enhancing the Willingness of Rural Teachers’ Retention // Contemporary Education Sciences. 2023. № 9. P. 71–80. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2221.2023.09.009.Billingsley B.S., Cross L.H. Predictors of commitment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay in teaching: A comparison of general and special educators. The Journal of Special Education, 1992, no. 1, pp. 453–471. DOI: 10.1177/002246699202500404.Billingsley B.S., Cross L.H. Predictors of commitment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay in teaching: A comparison of general and special educators // The Journal of Special Education. 1992. № 1. P. 453–471. DOI: 10.1177/002246699202500404.Yipeng Tang, Heng Wang. How to Retain Rural Teachers? An Empirical Study Based on a Survey of Special-Post Teachers in G Province. Educational Research in China, 2019, no. 4, pp. 134–143. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1520-7_17.Tang Yipeng, Wang Heng. How to Retain Rural Teachers? An Empirical Study Based on a Survey of Special-Post Teachers in G Province // Educational Research in China. 2019. № 4. P. 134–143. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1520-7_17.Davis M.S. Teacher retention and small rural school districts in Montana. Rural Educator, 2002, no. 2, pp. 45–52.Davis M.S. Teacher retention and small rural school districts in Montana // Rural Educator. 2002. № 2. P. 45–52.Darling-Hammond L. Keeping Good Teachers: Why It Matters, What Leaders Can Do. Educational Leadership, 2003, no. 8, pp. 6–13.Darling-Hammond L. Keeping Good Teachers: Why It Matters, What Leaders Can Do // Educational Leadership. 2003. № 8. P. 6–13.Haar J.M. Retaining experienced, qualified teachers: The principal’s role. The Rural Educator, 2007, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 28–34. DOI: 10.35608/ruraled.v28i2.483.Haar J.M. Retaining experienced, qualified teachers: The principal’s role // The Rural Educator. 2007. Vol. 28. № 2. P. 28–34. DOI: 10.35608/ruraled.v28i2.483.Nieto S. What keeps teachers going? Educational Leadership, 2003, no. 1, pp. 6–18.Nieto S. What keeps teachers going? // Educational Leadership. 2003. № 1. P. 6–18.Guilin Y. The construction of rural school teachers needs institutional guarantee and institutional innovation. Journal of East China Normal University (Educational Sciences), 2018, no. 4, pp. 30–32.Guilin Y. The construction of rural school teachers needs institutional guarantee and institutional innovation // Journal of East China Normal University (Educational Sciences). 2018. № 4. P. 30–32.Kelly N., Reushle S., Chakrabarty S., Kinnane A. Beginning teacher support in Australia: Towards an online community to augment current support. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2014, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 68–82. DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2014v39n4.6.Kelly N., Reushle S., Chakrabarty S., Kinnane A. Beginning teacher support in Australia: Towards an online community to augment current support // Australian Journal of Teacher Education. 2014. Vol. 39. № 4. P. 68–82. DOI: 10.14221/ajte.2014v39n4.6.Wang Yanling, Wen Zhengmei, Zhang Hui. Empirical analysis of rural teachers’ resignation intention - Based on a survey of 5,342 rural teachers in Yunnan Province. Research on teacher education, 2022, no. 5, pp. 98–107. DOI: 10.13445/j.cnki.t.e.r.2022.05.007.Wang Yanling, Wen Zhengmei, Zhang Hui. Empirical analysis of rural teachers’ resignation intention - Based on a survey of 5,342 rural teachers in Yunnan Province // Research on teacher education. 2022. № 5. P. 98–107. DOI: 10.13445/j.cnki.t.e.r.2022.05.007.Liu Zongnan, Lu Huixing, Pu Zhang, Yang Xingfang. Rural teacher selection: human capital, social capital and psychological capital - Based on a survey of more than 12,000 newly employed rural teachers. Monthly Academic Journal of Education, 2022, no. 10, pp. 97–105. DOI: 10.16477/j.cnki.issn1674-2311.2022.10.012.Liu Zongnan, Lu Huixing, Pu Zhang, Yang Xingfang. Rural teacher selection: human capital, social capital and psychological capital - Based on a survey of more than 12,000 newly employed rural teachers // Monthly Academic Journal of Education. 2022. № 10. P. 97–105. DOI: 10.16477/j.cnki.issn1674-2311.2022.10.012.Liu Min, Shi Yabing. Analysis of the dynamic mechanism of rural teachers and training of rural teachers - On the life history of post-80s special teachers. Contemporary Educational Science, 2016, no. 6, pp. 15–19. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2221.2016.06.004.Liu Min, Shi Yabing. Analysis of the dynamic mechanism of rural teachers and training of rural teachers - On the life history of post-80s special teachers // Contemporary Educational Science. 2016. № 6. P. 15–19. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2221.2016.06.004.Cheng Gang, Dong Binyi, Jiang Yuchen. Impact of faculty organization commitment on job satisfaction - Based on the mediation effect of career depletion. Basic Education, 2022, no. 5, pp. 33–50. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2232.2022.05.003.Cheng Gang, Dong Binyi, Jiang Yuchen. Impact of faculty organization commitment on job satisfaction - Based on the mediation effect of career depletion // Basic Education. 2022. № 5. P. 33–50. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2232.2022.05.003.Zhao Mingren, Meng Ling. Research on the implementation effect of rural teachers ‘walking teaching mode - Based on the perspective of teachers’ organization commitment. Journal of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, 2020, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 50–58. DOI: 10.19503/j.cnki.1671-6124.2020.06.006.Zhao Mingren, Meng Ling. Research on the implementation effect of rural teachers ‘walking teaching mode - Based on the perspective of teachers’ organization commitment // Journal of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University. 2020. Vol. 19. № 6. P. 50–58. DOI: 10.19503/j.cnki.1671-6124.2020.06.006.Yu Haiying. Can the More Possibility to Retain Rural Teachers by Providing More Economic Compensation-Empirical Study Based on the Mediation Effects of Organizational Commitment. Contemporary Education Forum, 2022, no. 2, pp. 109–115. DOI: 10.13694/j.cnki.ddjylt.20211125.001.Yu Haiying. Can the More Possibility to Retain Rural Teachers by Providing More Economic Compensation-Empirical Study Based on the Mediation Effects of Organizational Commitment // Contemporary Education Forum. 2022. № 2. P. 109–115. DOI: 10.13694/j.cnki.ddjylt.20211125.001.Penley L.E., Gould S. Etzioni’s model of organizational involvement: A perspective for understanding commitment to organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1988, no. 1, pp. 43–59. DOI: 10.1002/job.4030090105.Penley L.E., Gould S. Etzioni’s model of organizational involvement: A perspective for understanding commitment to organizations // Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1988. № 1. P. 43–59. DOI: 10.1002/job.4030090105.Wang Yubiao, Li Baomin. Study on the influencing factors of rural teachers’ job satisfaction from the perspective of individual-organization matching. Basic Education, 2023, no. 2, pp. 16–27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2232.2023.02.002.Wang Yubiao, Li Baomin. Study on the influencing factors of rural teachers' job satisfaction from the perspective of individual-organization matching // Basic Education. 2023. № 2. P. 16–27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2232.2023.02.002.Zhou Xiaojiao, Zhang Tianxue. Game Analysis and Solution to the Retention Dilemma of Rural High-quality Teachers. Research in Educational Development, 2020, no. 15-16, pp. 71–77. DOI: 10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2020.z2.012.Zhou Xiaojiao, Zhang Tianxue. Game Analysis and Solution to the Retention Dilemma of Rural High-quality Teachers // Research in Educational Development. 2020. № 15-16. P. 71–77. DOI: 10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2020.z2.012.Mwenda D.B., Mgomezulu V.Y. Impact of monetary incentives on teacher retention in and attraction to rural primary schools: Case of the rural allowance in Salima District of Malawi. African Educational Research Journal, 2018, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 120–129. DOI: 10.30918/AERJ.63.18.028.Mwenda D.B., Mgomezulu V.Y. Impact of monetary incentives on teacher retention in and attraction to rural primary schools: Case of the rural allowance in Salima District of Malawi // African Educational Research Journal. 2018. Vol. 6. № 3. P. 120–129. DOI: 10.30918/AERJ.63.18.028.Maranto R., Shuls J.V. How do we get them on the farm? Efforts to improve rural teacher recruitment and retention in Arkansas. Rural Educator, 2012, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 20–28. DOI: 10.35608/ruraled.v34i1.406.Maranto R., Shuls J.V. How do we get them on the farm? Efforts to improve rural teacher recruitment and retention in Arkansas // Rural Educator. 2012. Vol. 34. № 1. P. 20–28. DOI: 10.35608/ruraled.v34i1.406.Yu Haiying, Cui Yushan, Fu Haifan. Study on the influence of social support on the effect of science education in rural primary schools. Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Pedagogy, psychology, 2023, no. 3, pp. 37–49. DOI: 10.18323/2221-5662-2023-3-37-49.Yu Haiying, Cui Yushan, Fu Haifan. Study on the influence of social support on the effect of science education in rural primary schools // Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Pedagogy, psychology. 2023. № 3. P. 37–49. DOI: 10.18323/2221-5662-2023-3-37-49.Patricia C.H., Hughes G., McClure C., Reeves C., Salgado D. Rural teacher recruitment and retention practices: A review of the research literature, national survey of rural superintendents, and case studies of programs in Virginia. Nashville, Edvantia Publ., 2005. 106 p. DOI: 10.2307/1498063.Patricia C.H., Hughes G., McClure C., Reeves C., Salgado D. Rural teacher recruitment and retention practices: A review of the research literature, national survey of rural superintendents, and case studies of programs in Virginia. Nashville: Edvantia, 2005. 106 p. DOI: 10.2307/1498063.Munsch T.R., Roylan C.R. Can a Week Make a Difference? Changing Perceptions about Teaching and Living in Rural Alaska. The Rural Educator, 2008, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 14–23. DOI: 10.35608/ruraled.v29i2.469.Munsch T.R., Roylan C.R. Can a Week Make a Difference? Changing Perceptions about Teaching and Living in Rural Alaska // The Rural Educator. 2008. Vol. 29. № 2. P. 14–23. DOI: 10.35608/ruraled.v29i2.469.David H.M. Recruiting and Retaining High-Quality Teachers in Rural Areas. The Future of Children, 2007, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 155–174. DOI: 10.1353/foc.2007.0009.David H.M. Recruiting and Retaining High-Quality Teachers in Rural Areas // The Future of Children. 2007. Vol. 17. № 1. P. 155–174. DOI: 10.1353/foc.2007.0009.