No 1 (2026)
- Year: 2026
- Articles: 4
- URL: https://vektornaukipedagogika.ru/jour/issue/view/52
Emotional intelligence and defense mechanisms as determinants of psychological health in medical students
Abstract
Problem. Despite the recognised role of emotional intelligence (EI) and defense mechanisms in personal adaptation, their systemic influence on the psychological health of medical students experiencing intense stress and professional development remains insufficiently studied. The lack of data on the specific interrelationships of these constructs in future doctors hinders the development of targeted psychological support programs. Aim. To identify the nature of the relationships between emotional intelligence, psychological defense mechanisms, and indicators of psychological health in medical students, as well as to conduct a comparative an alysis of the expression of defense mechanisms and the level of psychological well-being in groups with different levels of emotional intelligence. Methods. The sample consisted of 392 second-year medical university students. The following instruments were used: the “EmIn” questionnaire (D.V. Lyusin, 2006) for diagnosing emotional intelligence; the “MMPD” method of measuring psychological defense (E.R. Pilyugina, R.F. Suleymanov, 2020); and the PERMA-Profiler questionnaire (J. Butler, M.L. Kern, 2016), adapted by O.M. Isaeva, A.Yu. Akimova, and E.N. Volkova, to assess psychological well-being. Statistical processing included comparative (Mann–Whitney U-test), correlation (Spearman’s rs), and contingency table analysis (Pearson’s χ²). Results. An imbalance in the EI components was revealed: despite high interpersonal EI (77.8 %), 49.3 % of the students showed a deficit in intrapersonal EI. Negative correlations were established between overall EI and regression (rs=−0.38), avoidance (rs=−0.39), and dissociation (rs=−0.25), while positive correlations were found with sublimation (rs=0.40) and humor (rs=0.28). Significant differences in the expression of adaptive and immature defenses were found between groups with high and low levels of EI. A strong association was identified between EI and psychological well-being (χ²=61.9; p<0.001): in the low EI group, the proportion of individuals with insufficient well-being was 39.8 %, whereas in the high EI group, it was 4.4 %. Conclusions. High emotional intelligence is associated with the use of mature defense mechanisms and a higher level of psychological well-being. The obtained data substantiate the need for targeted development of the intrapersonal component of EI in medical students to prevent psychological health disorders and emotional burnout.
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Features of self-concept in the context of drug addiction
Abstract
Problem. Despite research on individual components of self-awareness in drug addiction, there is insufficient data on how the clarity of self-concept and the balance of independent/collective identity vary during remission depending on the degree of recognition of one’s addictive status. This hinders the identification of psychological predictors of engagement in treatment. Aim. To identify the features of self-concept in individuals with drug addiction and analyse its role in the remission process. Methods. A cross-sectional correlational-comparative study was conducted on a sample of 64 participants aged 21–43 who underwent rehabilitation at a drug treatment center. Groups were formed based on a combination of self-report on addiction recognition and the results of V.D. Mendelevich’s methodology (n=27/20/17). The SCCS, Self Construal Scale, Basic Beliefs Scale, Barchard Emotional Intelligence Test, and the method of motivational orientations in communication were applied; the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Kruskal–Wallis H-test, and Spearman’s correlations were used. Results. Self-concept clarity differed between groups (H=50.263; p≤0.01): denial of addiction despite its signs – mean rank 10.50; recognition – 35.67; denial in the absence of signs of addiction – 53.35. Collective selfconcept was higher in those who recognised addiction (40.76; H=11.257; p≤0.01), while independent self-concept was higher in individuals without signs of addiction (51.41; H=44.503; p≤0.01). Self-concept clarity was positively correlated with self-value (r=0.887) and negatively correlated with negative expressiveness (r=−0.872) and the presence of addicts in the immediate social environment (r=−0.486; p≤0.01). Conclusions. Denial of addiction in the presence of its psychological markers is associated with minimal self-concept clarity and a risk of reduced engagement in help. During remission, differentiated interventions are required, aimed at increasing the clarity of self-representations, correcting basic beliefs, and training in emotional regulation and partnership interaction.
19-25
Imitation of Joint Attention in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) during Two-Matchstick Problem Solving
Abstract
Problem. In the field of human-robot interaction (HRI), despite the development of anthropomorphic robots capable of initiating joint attention, it remains unclear how different types of cues (gesture+gaze vs. gaze only) and their accuracy influence automatic human following and subjective evaluation of the interaction. Aim. To compare the effectiveness of different types of cues from an anthropomorphic robot (pointing gestures combined with gaze and gaze-only cues) in a task requiring joint attention, as well as to assess the influence of cue accuracy on participants’ behaviour. Methods. The study involved 43 students from RANEPA (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration): 38 females and 5 males aged 19 to 27 years (M=20.51; SD=1.82). The number of participant movements following the robot’s cues and coinciding with the cue direction was evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the robot’s cues in each condition. To study participants’ reactions to the cues after each task, a questionnaire based on Danek’s metacognitive scales was used. Results. The results demonstrated the robot’s ability to imitate the process of joint attention during problem-solving with the participant. The hypothesis regarding the greater effectiveness of robot cues using pointing gestures combined with gaze and head movement compared to gaze-only cues was confirmed. The hypothesis regarding the greater effectiveness of correct cues compared to incorrect robot cues was confirmed. Conclusions. The robot’s ability to imitate the joint attention process during problem-solving with the participant was demonstrated; participants paid attention to the robot’s cues and attempted to follow them in both correct and incorrect cue conditions. However, in the condition with correct cues, the percentage of response attempts coinciding with the cue direction was significantly higher than in the condition with incorrect cues.
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Theoretical paradigms of multitasking research: from classical models to an integrative approach
Abstract
Problem. Digitalisation of the professional environment necessitates the simultaneous or alternating execution of multiple heterogeneous tasks under time constraints, which brings the scientific understanding of the phenomenon of multitasking to the forefront. Despite a significant volume of research, there is no unified theoretical framework in this area, which integrates the achievements of various scientific disciplines. Aim. To systematise the main theoretical paradigms of multitasking research and analyse the psychological structure of multitasking activity. Methods. The methodological basis was a theoretical review of the literature, including peer-reviewed empirical and theoretical works indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and RSCI databases, with an emphasis on recent studies and classical works that laid the foundation for the study of multitasking. Results. Five key paradigms were identified: the successive paradigm, which reveals the mechanisms of sequential information processing; the simultaneous paradigm, which emphasises the possibilities of parallelism; the resource paradigm, which interprets attention as a distributable resource; the neurocognitive paradigm, which identifies brain mechanisms; and the ecological paradigm, which considers multitasking as an adaptive mechanism. Conclusions. It was established that the psychological structure of multitasking activity includes three interrelated levels: the micro-level of switching operations, the macrolevel of coordination strategies, and the meta-level of self-regulation. The prospects of integrating ideas from different paradigms within a multilevel approach are shown, taking into account both the objective limitations of the cognitive architecture and the possibilities of overcoming them through automation, strategic organisation of activity, and metacognitive regulation.
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