THE METHODOLOGICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE BIOLOGY TEACHERS IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE

The paper analyzes the main characteristics of methodological training of future biology teachers at the universities of the countries of Central and Southern Europe on the examples of Hungary, the Republic of Slovenia, the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania. The author describes the contents of biology textbooks and teaching guides and identifies the leading scientists-methodologists of each country. It was found out, that the Hungarian biologists-methodologists pay great attention to motivation in teaching biology, introduction of problem-based and e-learning, and using the Internet. The methodological training in the Republic of Slovenia involves the study of the following courses: “The didactics of biology”, “The practicum on biology didactics”, “The informational and communicative technologies in biology education” and “The supervision in the out-of-class activity”, as well as the teaching practice. In Bulgaria, when training future biology teachers, they apply active and interactive studying, portfolio, computer-based learning, and provide teaching of “The methods of teaching of biology” and a number of other methodically aimed disciplines. In Romania, when learning the biology didactics, the students study such issues as problem learning, e-learning, group work, alternative assessment methods (projects, portfolios, self-evaluation), as well as the role of a teacher in formal and non-formal education. The experience of European countries requires careful analysis, systematization and generalization, as well as the introduction of the best achievements into national education.