No 4 (2019)

The paper introduces the ways of using information technologies for the early career guidance of preschoolers. The issue chosen for the study is directly related to the problem of the career guidance of a young person, which implies providing an opportunity for a preschooler to try themselves at various jobs through the game. However, the issue of introducing children into the career guidance system has not been scientifically and methodologically justified so far. This leads to the fact that employees of preschool educational organizations experience difficulties in determining the basic categories, choosing forms, methods, and techniques, establishing the specifics of the early career guidance of preschoolers. On the level of preschool education, the system of getting children familiar with the jobs and professions is not sufficiently represented. The paper introduces an approach to implement the idea of early career guidance through the development of the emotional attitude to the world of professions, to a working person, their business and personal qualities. Step-by-step implementation of the information technology that ensures the gradual introduction of older preschoolers to the world of careers (motivational, informational and transformative stages) is of special interest. It is shown that at each stage, the position of the teacher changes in relation to preschool children: from organizing to directing, correcting and supporting. Special attention is paid to the organization of the joint activities of a child and an adult, independent activity of a preschooler with the application of information technologies during which children are able to model elements of a specific type of a job.

At present, in a changing socio-economic situation, the experience of a regional pedagogical university might be valuable for solving current problems in education. In this regard, historical and pedagogical studies of the issues described in the work can be of great interest.

The paper discusses the features of training specialists of a wide profile at Kaliningrad State Pedagogical Institute in the 1950–60s. It reveals the role of the Physics Department teachers in the reorganization of the educational process when implementing a new academic curriculum. The reasons are described why the employees of the Department of Physics experienced significant difficulties in their work. The task of the teachers involved the radical restructuring of the educational process: revision of the curriculum and programs, supplying classrooms and laboratories with the equipment for the purpose of polytechnic training of students. Besides, great importance at the institute was given to the work of Student Societies in connection with the transition to training specialists of a wide profile. The organization of students’ internship at the city enterprises contributed to the rapprochement of Kaliningrad Pedagogical Institute with industry. Employees of the Department of Physics took part in the experiments conducted by enterprises and studied the problems emerging in the production process. The author analyzes the events in which the teachers of the Department of Physics took part to improve methodological work at the Pedagogical Institute aimed at more efficient training of graduates of the Physics Department. The reasons are described which explain why Kaliningrad State Pedagogical Institute returned to the training of single-skilled specialists in 1963. As a result, the curriculum was simplified, students had time for independent work, and teachers were able to carry out scientific and methodological work at a higher level. Using the experience of a regional pedagogical university can be useful in solving urgent problems in education in a changing socio-economic situation.

Modern Russian society suffers the consequences of great moral degradation caused by social and economic transformations in our country in the early 90s of the XX century. Although the situation has slightly improved over the past decade, it remains unfavorable, which negatively affects the functioning and development of the modern Russian society. To solve this issue, it is necessary to search for the resources for the personal development of young people at the age of the emerging adulthood that can manifest their moral stand through their behavior, carry out the conscious choice of the good, as well as identify factors impeding this. The spiritual and moral values having a positive relationship with the personal development indicators can become the resources for the personal development of young people at the age of emerging adulthood. The egocentric values that have a negative relation with the personal development indicators can be considered as the factors impeding the process. The authors carried out the empirical research of the hierarchy of values and personal development indicators of young people at the age of emerging adulthood and studied the relations between them. The authors carried out the research using psychodiagnostic methods: the method of Free Choice of Values by E.B. Fantalova, The Good and the Evil test by L.M. Popov. The findings were processed using mathematical statistics methods. The results of the study show that for young people, the values of the emerging adulthood period are of primary importance. The study identified both the egocentric values, unfavorable for personal development and spiritual and moral ones, favorable for it. For the majority of young people, the significance of egocentric values of high material well-being, recognition, respect from people, and the influence on those around you is higher than that of spiritual and moral values.

The paper substantiates the tendency of student youth to Internet communication and active inclusion in information communication in virtual media space and the increase of the trusting attitude of young people to Internet resources. The authors specify the theoretical and methodological limitations in the study of Internet communication. The authors substantiate theoretically and methodologically the conceptual scheme of the study from the perspective of system approach and the psychology of relations, which reveals the main components of the phenomenon of the student youth’s confidence in Internet communication and their components. The authors describe confidence as an integral attitude through the private matters (attitude to the information from Internet resources; the modality of attitude to the influence of information on young people in the process of Internet communication; attitude to the search for information to find the way out of a jam) and consider the concept of trust attitude to the Internet communication of the student youth in the correlation with the trust attitude of student youth to the world and surrounding community. The paper highlights the specifics of Internet communication as the data exchange in the global net. To measure the components of trust attitude, the authors developed and tested standardized scales for students according to the psychometric indicators. The paper proposes the measuring procedure based on the theory of general systems and probability regularities of the reflexive forecast, which allowed identifying positive, negative, and uncertain attitude to the confidence in Internet communication.

The authors describe structural and content-related characteristics of the components of confidence in Internet communication (informative-cognitive, emotional-estimative, and behavioral) based on the empirical data obtained in the result of the study of a representative sample of student youth and generalized using factor analysis.

The paper presents the results of the student youth distribution according to the ratio of trust attitude to Internet communication and the trusting attitude to the world and the surrounding community.

The relevance of the study is proved by the tendency of the growth of gastrointestinal diseases (chronic nonalcoholic pancreatitis) both among the elderly people and the middle-aged working people, what is justified by the objective statistics. In this regard, it is necessary to study the influence of economic, social, and psychological factors as the preventive measures on the growth of the number of people with the diseases of the digestive system. The authors summarized the results of the empirical study of economic, social-psychological characteristics of patients with chronic nonalcoholic pancreatitis, trait and state anxiety of patients with chronic nonalcoholic pancreatitis carried out at the gastroenterology in-patient department of Togliatti Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 5 in consultation with the Head of the gastroenterology department, Doctor I.V. Fisechko. The experimental sample consisted of fifteen women at the ages from 36 to 79 with the disease of active chronic pancreatitis. All diagnoses were determined by the doctors of the gastroenterology department according to the standardized clinical diagnostic techniques. The results of the study comply with the results described in the literature and show that the following factors influence the contraction and development of gastrointestinal diseases: the low welfare level, the lack of understandable information about the risks and benefits of foodstuffs, negative emotional states experienced by a person for a long time. The study carried out by the authors proves that high trait and state anxiety of patients with chronic pancreatitis prevents from adherence to a necessary diet, it is a stimulus for the consuming of foodstuffs prohibited in the case of gastrointestinal diseases what causes the disease recurrence and the necessity of hospital care.