No 3 (2022)
- Year: 2022
- Articles: 8
- URL: https://vektornaukipedagogika.ru/jour/issue/view/32
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Description:
Published 30.09.2022
Full Issue
Pedagogical Sciences
Accultural processes in adaptation of foreign students to studying in multicultural environment at the university
Abstract
The process of social and cultural adaptation of foreign students is one of the key factors in their successful study in educational institutions of the Russian Federation. In the era of globalization, the concept and issues of acculturation need to be explored and studied. The growth in the number of foreign students forces us to think of new methods of helping students adapt to the environment, or improve the existing ones. The subject seems to be rather complex, thus, the theory and practice of determining the specifics of intercultural adaptation of representatives of different cultures are on the way to their formation. As a result, the scientists have no unified approach to the use of diagnostic tools, which makes it possible to effectively research various aspects of the intercultural adaptation of foreign students in the process of their study in Russia. The authors conducted a survey of foreign students studying the programme “Pedagogical Education” at the Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University, which made it possible to identify the main problems that arise during the integration of students into the new culture: domestic problems – 61 %, financial issues – 56 %, getting used to another culture – 66 %, problems of communication – 81 %. Only 13 % of the respondents claim that they have no problems in adaptation. The results of the survey helped to develop a programme aimed at solving the problems of adaptation of foreign students in the period of their study at the university. The developed adaptation programme, which includes such aspects, as museum education, social networking, club activities, and the course “Culture of Russian Oral Communication”, can positively affect the level of adaptation of foreign students in a foreign country. The study of this process allows developing methods of interaction with foreign students that increase the efficiency of work in the process of acculturation.
9-15
The model of learning and cognitive motivation development by means of multylingual education of high school students
Abstract
The paper studies the role of language for pedagogy in general and the formation of the student's personality in particular. In the modern world, multilingualism has already become an indispensable condition for the sustainable development of a country; bilingual approaches are being replaced by multilingual approaches. There is an acute issue in the organization of consistent and systematic training on a multilingual basis. Despite the status of these areas, there are a number of contradictions, the main of which is that describing multilingual education as a system they do not address its latent potential, especially in the field of motivation development. In this situation, the way out is to develop a fundamentally new concept of multilingual education, which provides a synthesis of linguistic, meta-subject and intercultural components in order to form a positive motivation for learning among high school students. This model is presented as a complex system of interaction between the personalities of the teacher and the student and their activities under the influence of external factors based on the principles of multilingual education, which is implemented in the process of immediate and proactive pedagogical assistance. The paper describes factors (individual, educational and social), conditions (the formation of personal interest and the use of the principles of multilingual education) and stages (initial, transitional, main and final) of motivation development, as well as goals, objectives and methods of each stage. The designed model will allow teachers to study and analyze the levels of educational motivation development, adjust it during training and use the untapped potential of multilingualism in a real pedagogical situation.
16-23
The research method of studying physics as a way of forming general professional competencies among university students
Abstract
At present, with the continuous growth of scientific and technological progress, the study of physics plays an important role. University students are required to master competencies aimed at developing skills for applying physics knowledge in solving research problems. However, university students often have difficulties in studying physics. The purpose of the study is to propose a research method for studying physics based on a system-activity approach for the formation of general professional competence which in its turn aimed at the formation of ways of activity while solving research problems by university students. The author proposes a research method of studying physics including tasks for mastering fundamental knowledge of the nature, the acquisition of practical skills, and the formation of a skill to use knowledge in the research activity. The paper presents a model of the phased implementation of the research method of training based on a system-activity approach indicating the types of tasks and the content of competence indicators. The author considers the method of application of the proposed methodology with the description of the order of executing a research task in the physics section “Waves”, conducts a pedagogical experiment using testing of knowledge of physics among the technology university students. The author carried out the statistical analysis of experimental data using the Student’s t-test. The study shows that students who studied physics based on the research method of teaching physics have successfully mastered the system of knowledge, practical skills, and acquired skills that contribute to the formation of a general professional competence. This shows the effectiveness of the author’s methodology based on the research method of teaching physics to university students.
24-30
The integrative approach to the development of axiological ideas about the world among schoolchildren in literature lessons
Abstract
The paper reveals the possibilities of development of axiological ideas about the world among schoolchildren during literature lessons based on the integrative approach to the study of Literature, the Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics, the Fundamentals of Spiritual and Moral Culture of Peoples of Russia. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the possibilities of the content of texts studied during literature lessons to develop axiological ideas about the world of schoolchildren based on the integrative approach (using the example of some texts from the school curriculum). The paper gives the examples of considering literary texts from the standpoint of school literary analysis and scientific theological-axiological approach. The research shows the importance of studying the “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” module by the students to reveal the spiritual significance of literary texts. The paper presents the results of a survey among teachers of the Russian language and literature of the Trans-Baikal Territory regarding their understanding of the importance of literature lessons for the development of axiological ideas about the world among schoolchildren. The study identified a contradiction between teachers’ understanding of the importance of knowledge of Orthodox culture for the analysis of literary texts and the insufficient level of this knowledge. The advanced training and the implementation of a program of spiritual and moral education of university students can be a solution for this issue. The authors conclude that for the integral development of axiological ideas about the world among schoolchildren based on the integrative approach, it is necessary for teachers of all school disciplines to possess knowledge about the secular and religious cultures of Russia.
31-41
Basics of solid CAD system modeling in teaching
Abstract
The paper considers the problem of teaching 3D solid modeling in the parametric computer-aided design systems when training students and specialists who need proper occupational study. The author describes the importance of this design method for the production tasks and the problems related to the lack of algorithmization tools of such training. The author proposes using two interrelated techniques: solid geometry modeling and teaching this kind of design. To solve the development task of the first technique, the author proposes to supplement the solid modeling terminology in Russian and formalize the features of solid geometry decomposition. The paper introduces three ways of solid decomposition based on the criteria of the sketch form and specification tree. The author proposes a design technique algorithm consisting of two stages. Each stage is divided into four steps, and the features of some steps are described. Further, the author presents the technique of teaching solid modeling. This technique is based on the frequency of using solid primitives and the necessity to develop tasks for students depending on this frequency. The author identifies the main skill to be mastered by the students. The technique introduces the ways of solving problems faced by students and engineers during solid modeling. The author proposes the distribution of hours for training basic concepts of solid modeling. The paper presents the teaching technique implementation in the existing higher school educational programs and proposes its deployment to the related areas of design.
42-50
On the role of visualization in teaching mathematics (using an example of the concept of function)
Abstract
In the teaching community, there is an ongoing discussion about the difference between visual and analytical thinking and the issues of psychological-pedagogical argumentation of the concept of visual teaching mathematics. Following the discussion, this paper is aimed to identify visual images understanding. The research objective is to identify the role of images in the formation of mathematical concepts (using an example of the concept of function). The novelty of the work is that an image is considered not as a result but as a condition for mathematical concept understanding. The authors used theoretical and experimental methods of study (the analysis of psychological and pedagogical sources, testing, and survey). To achieve the goal, special examinational questions were developed. The authors identified the role of influence of using images and concepts initially existing in the student’s mind on the efficiency of understanding the essence of a mathematical concept. The study revealed that students who have the skills of both visual and analytical thinking demonstrate the best results of understanding mathematical concepts. The research shows that visual and analytical types of thinking not always comply with each other, therefore, methodologically verified teaching mathematical concepts and relations should be proportionally balanced. The prevalence of any type of thinking by the students is individual. The essential prerequisite for successful application of visual teaching methods is to take into account the initial images, ideas, and associations of students in teaching. Visualization is an important method of learning mathematics; however, understanding mathematical concepts does not suppose isomorphism between understanding of a concept and its image.
51-58
Psychological sciences
Pes-gestures in the pantomimics of persons hiding the
Abstract
Motor function is a reflected structure of neurodynamic, mental processes hidden from the direct observation. In the toolless lie detection (verification), both speech material and facial behavior of the persons involved and their pantomimics is of particular interest. The study involved ten adult respondents implicated in sexual crimes against minors, and fifty-six patients from 15 to 17 years old simulating somatic diseases in the State Budgetary Institution of Health JSC “N.N. Silishchev Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital”, Astrakhan. The aim of this work is the analysis of general pantomimic production and differentiated study of motor acts of legs in a group of persons involved in a sexual crime and patients who simulated somatic diseases. The study shows that during the concealment, the illustrative gestures accompanying human speech are reduced in favor of gestures aimed at restoring the homeostasis during stress and negative emotional response associated with possible disclosure. In the general pantomimics of the interviewed persons, motor acts of legs appear which have got the name of pes-gestures. Pes-gestures are the adaptive motor skills evolutionally associated with the limbic “escape from danger” response of the brain. The differentiated understanding of the legs’ behavior on the control and projective questions is important when verifying the fraud, since the motor production of the human body is a correlator of the state of the central neuro-psychic activity of a person. The results of experimental work may be relevant for psychologists, experts in the field of deception verification, and polygraph examiners.
61-68
Temporal foundations of the life position of female students
Abstract
The research focuses on correlation between the parameters of life position and temporal characteristics of personality of female university students. The study is based on the following psychodiagnostic methodologies: “Questionnaire of the life position of a person (LPP)” (D.A. Leontiev, A.E. Shilmanskaya), “Temporal modalities of life fulfillment” (E.V. Bredun, E.A. Shcheglova, E.V. Smeshko, T.A. Shmer). The research evaluated the level of development of harmony, awareness (reflectivity) and activeness of the life position as well as temporal components of life (emotional fixation on events, rationalization of life fulfilment periods, and balance of modal assessments). The reliability of the correlation between the obtained results was estimated according to the Pearson – C and Chuprov – P mutual conjugacy coefficient (p≤0.05). The tested group have shown mostly high and average indicators of awareness and activity combined with a low level of harmony. The results of the study of subjective attitude to time demonstrated the ability of the tested students to integrate the past, the present and the future into a continuous succession, and structure the present focusing on the future and using the experience of the past. Statistics proved the authentic correlation between the parameters of harmony and awareness of young female students and their emotional fixation on events, as well as correlation between harmony and balance of modal assessments. The synthesis of low harmony and high awareness defines engagement into the present, intense activity aimed at its organization and structuring, taking into consideration their visualization of the future. In the case of a constructive variant of personality strategies, it is a resource for the living space transformation; in the case of destructive strategies, it is a psychological indicator of a risk and barriers to authentic self–realization and life transformation.
69-73