No 1 (2016)

The issue of formation of speech culture of senior preschoolers is one of the most important tasks of modern education. The paper shows the role of communicative competence as the tool for the socialization of a preschooler personality, mental formation and development of thinking of senior preschoolers. The author says about the comprehensiveness of the notion of   “imagery” in modern science, notes that the emotional-expressive tone becomes the unique characteristic of imagery speech. The paper pays particular attention to the senior preschool age as the most sensitive period of formation of imagery speech and understanding of imagery means by the senior preschoolers using the material of metaphorical riddles. The process of development of speech imagery of senior preschool children on the material of metaphorical riddles is the subject of the study. The paper analyzes the data of ascertaining experiment, which was aimed at the study of special aspects of understanding and application of metaphors and other imagery means by senior preschool children. The author gives the results of the experiment showing the nature of difficulties during the interpretation of metaphors by children and self-selection of metaphors for the description of an object. In particular, the author notes the difficulties in understanding the figurative meanings of the words, recognition of metaphor in the text, understanding its figurative meaning and difficulties in creation own metaphorical riddles. These data allow making the conclusion that children under test have the insufficient level of development of speech imagery. At the same time, the individual cases of proper metaphor interpretation allow assuming that the formation of imagery speech of preschool children is possible using metaphorical riddles. The development of linguo-motivational space through the use of modern interactive methods and pedagogical techniques is the precondition for such formation.

When creating the system of scientific support of educational process the formation of professional competences is chosen as the task. The paper considers the technology of creation of scientific provision of the supplementary vocational education system, states the possibility of creation of the information-educational corporate environment. The educational organizations and industrial enterprises implementing the network-based forms of educational programs in the united center of corporate training can become the participants of the information-educational corporate environment. The authors consider the network intercommunication as the purposeful information interaction of the individual educational, industrial and commercial enterprises with the common specified goal supported by the regulatory legal acts and agreements that forms the conditions for the creation of the information-educational corporate environment. The paper considers corporate education as the continuous process of development of professional knowledge, skills and experience of the enterprise specialists, its turning into the property of an enterprise using special methods and various forms of organization of educational process in the terms of new type occupational study system with emerging properties and continuity. Pedagogical process in the system of supplementary vocational education is considered as the process of organization of relations between the teachers and the students and characterized by the purposeful selection of factors for the participants’ development: both the internal and the external. The paper is intended both for teachers and for the enterprise specialists.

The importance of the university students’ professional speech culture formation is determined by the modern requirements of the Federal State Standard of higher education, in particular the general cultural competences that should be acquired by the graduates; and it specifies the necessity to give a precise definition to the “professional speech culture”. The authors define the meaning of the concept “professional speech culture” of the university students; specify the main characteristics and features of the generic concepts of this definition, such as: speech, culture, professional culture, speech culture, and the culture of speech. The authors study the difference between the concepts of “speech culture” and “culture of speech” which realize different functions, and pay special attention to different interpretations of these concepts. The concept of “professional culture” is shown in its relationship to peculiarities of the professional activity of a person, general culture and other kinds of culture: work and communication. More than that, the authors present a definition of “speech culture” in different perspectives, such as a feature or quality of a personality; as a possession of any language standards; as an integral part of the general, individual, or professional culture of a personality. The key provisions are defined which form the meaning of the concept “professional speech culture”: it is connected with the nature of human activity in modern labour conditions; is revealed in labour activity and ensures high efficiency; is a part of the general culture of an individual; reflects progress in development of professional skills; is a subculture of labor culture as a general social condition for organization of labor potential; is formed in practical creative labour behavior of an employee and in the course of contacts between professionals. The result of the study is the author’s personal interpretation of the definition “professional speech culture of the university students”.

The paper covers the topical issue of searching for means of quality improvement of vocational (which includes foreign language) training of future and acting aviation specialists in order to ensure the high level of flight operating safety. The search is determined by the strengthening of the requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to the level of English proficiency established in the year 2008. In the year 2011, the Russian Federation joined the countries where the ICAO requirement for a minimum acceptable level of English proficiency of aviation specialists came into effect. The authors suppose that it is possible to achieve good level of “Comprehension” criteria according to the ICAO scale only in case of development of rather a high level of auditive competence of military aviation high school students; that is why the authors consider the issue of improvement of the process of teaching professionally oriented listening as one of the key forms of oral activity of aviation specialists. For this purpose, the authors suggested using genre approach to the selection and application of aviation messages as the base of the teaching process. According to the genre approach, the aviation messages are the set of typical components of content formed into the topically closed structures. The authors suppose that the conversance of the students with texts samples of various aviation messages genres, the explanation of their structural, semantic, and characteristic linguistic properties will facilitate the awareness and comprehension of other texts of the same genres. The paper describes the algorithm of work with texts of the aviation messages genres using the informative-communicative and audiovisual aids in teaching.

The importance of the issue for the study is directly concerned with the ongoing process of personal socialization of a child within the modern world. The overcoming of consequences of a child abuse by organizing various creative types of activity aimed to harmonize child-parents relations and develop compensatory mechanisms helping a child to recognize the reality and change the attitude to stressful events is the priority direction of educational work of a pedagogue with children being in hardship.

The problem of overcoming the consequences of a child abuse has been considered for many times in the works of native and foreign prominent representatives of pedagogy. Comparing points of view of various authors, the author created and presented in the paper her author’s approach to the organization of correction-developmental work of a pedagogue with children experienced the violence. The paper specifies the essence of artistic creation assisting the “living” in a traumatic situation, the dynamic development of individual emotional-sensation area, the recovery of psychical equilibrium. Within the frames of pedagogical technology, the author specified the principal stages of mutual activity of an adult and a child, the content of which includes the application of free combination of various types of poetic, artistic, musical and playing arts, and the leading methods taking into account the principles of individualization and differentiation of optimal implementation of a dialogue conversation. The author notes that the simulation of a bad (disharmonious) situation in the process of creative activity takes the special place in the study of crisis, post-traumatic situations. It is proved that the interpreting of symbolic meanings of artistic images promotes the recognition and change of an individual attitude to actual and past events, admission of responsibility for own life. According to the results of the study, the author determined that the overcoming of consequences of a child abuse is possible when implementing humanistic ideology by means of establishing of trust-based and respectful subject-subject relationships between the child and the parents. It should become the advanced direction of further study of the issues of a personality socialization within modern conditions of interpersonal communications.

The relevancy of the issue under the study is caused by the necessity to take into account the achievements of related sciences – morphology, psychology, and didactics – in order to determine theoretical knowledge about parts of speech, to specify skills that will be formed while doing certain exercises. The authors considered various classifications of exercises and characterized linguistic, creative and integrated exercises as the most effective for the acquirement of knowledge on the morphological system and development of creative thinking of the students. The authors specified the importance of the system-based vision of the studied parts of speech functioning within the language and the speech and their communicative significance and showed the feasibility of entertaining elements application in the process of work that creates the basis for the development of logical thinking of the students. The paper presents the indexes of formedness of linguistic competence of the students: the conscious perception of theory on the system of morphological phenomena of native language, the skill to analyze and generalize it in a systemic manner, to use it in the creation of own speech acts. Special emphasis is laid on the cognitive material inserting to the text context, servicing to its moral education of the students and its accordance with standard language norms. According to the results of the study, the authors made the conclusion that the increase of the exercises’ volume and complexity should be carried out stage by stage according to the tasks and objectives of skills formation and development. The authors proved the necessity of giving language material in the form of meaningful texts that are considered in the paper as the teaching unity combining the cognition of literary language system and the conversation rules.

The paper covers the study of the application of the program of psychological aid for women with mental disorders in case of grieving.

The relevance of this research is caused by the fact that the course of mental illness, as the socially significant problem of the society, is closely related to the situation of a loss of a loved one as a particularly traumatic event that changes the system of relations and leads to disadaptation in the areas of human communication and behavior. This psycho-traumatic event may cause both the mental disorder and the disease recurrence.

The goal of the study is the comparative analysis of the dynamics of the psychoemotional state of women with a mental disorder when applying the program of short-term psychological aid in case of grieving for loved one. Forty patients at the ages from 23 to 56 years with the diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia, anxiety and depressive syndrome and paranoid syndrome were examined: the experimental group of 20 women having support under the program of short-term psychological aid in case of grieving for loved one and the control group of 20 women that did not participate in this program.

In the result of the study, it is possible to say that the applied program of psychological aid in case of grieving for a loved one promotes psychoemotional state improvement of women with mental disorders. Psychological aid statistically significantly (p≤0.05) reduces the indices of level of anxiety, aggressiveness, depressiveness, general well-being, activity and mood within the experimental group unlike the control group, it influences favorably the dynamics of treatment, ability to participate actively in the process of treatment and adaptation to the living conditions after a hospital. Medical staff observed changes in the microsocial environment of experimental group patients: the widening of the circle of acquaintances at the hospital (communication with the neighbors in the hospital ward, with medical staff), active desire to establish significant contacts with surrounding persons showing interest in them, demonstration of desire to perform any socially useful actions (work therapy at the hospital).

One of the most important tasks in psychology and education is improving mental health among students. The main problems typical for the period of the studentship are frequent occurrence of stress situations caused by the increase in study load, deadaptation through separation from the family and old friends, changes in sleep schedule, and the negative consequences of crises experiences in the form of personal deadaptation such as dismissal, psychosomatic illness, including suicide attempts. Nowadays, a comprehensive program of crisis intervention has not been developed yet, and the question that has to be answered is how to provide psychological assistance to students in crisis. The author indicates that to develop this program it is necessary to clarify the content of the crisis emotional experiences. The paper presents the analysis of the content of emotional experience through identification of the factors which are essential parts of the “crisis of the firs-year student”.

The study involved 224 first-year students of the city of Novosibirsk with the average age of 18,3±1,1 years. As a method of research, the V.R. Manukyan’s questionnaire of crisis experiences was chosen, which allows studying the structure and content of the students’ emotional experience. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the program SPSS Statistics 17.0 for PCs. To study the content of emotional experiences in crisis situations the author used the factor analysis based on the method of the principal component rotation.

The results of the study allow us to distinguish four key factors, such as the overall crisis state, assessment of the chosen specialty, challenges of adaptation to educational activity, lack of social support. The paper analyzes the qualitative content of the given factors. The author mentions the complexity and diversity of the “crisis of the first-year student” which consists of the combination of several types of crises: biography, identity and achieving adulthood. The obtained results point to the need to develop a comprehensive program for psychological support of students that should take into account the content of the “crisis of the first-year student”.

Among all the problems facing the Russian society, one of the most important issues is the struggle with drug dependence, which can cause real danger to the health of the population. Drug addiction may not only seriously damage physical and social wellbeing, but also significantly change psychological sphere of a person, and this in its term will reveal deformity of a personality, and changes in motivation-need sphere and system of attitudes. In spite of the fact that there are a lot of research has been conducted in this field, the scientists pay more attention to the medical approach in studying drug dependence. At the same time, psychological approach to research this problem has not been sufficiently studied, therefore, drug addicted people are not able to receive the necessary psychological and social support.

The author considers main approaches on the drug dependence problem, describes the concepts of “motivation-need sphere” and “self-attitude” of an individual. The work presents the main needs and motives of an addicted person, which may influence the process of self-attitude development where it joins the process of activity and personality self-regulation, and stimulates the development of cognitive and individual subjectivity of a person.

The author defines the main objectives of the research, which include the study of peculiarities of motivation-need sphere, self-attitude of an individual in a group of drug-addicted people and in a group of healthy people, and the research of interrelation between motivation-need sphere and self-attitude of an individual in drug dependence.

Based on the study of interconnection between motivation-need sphere and self-attitude of an individual, the results of the research have been presented, major characteristics are distinguished and described, the mechanism of changing motivation-need sphere and self-attitude of an individual has been studied. It is revealed that in drug dependence condition significance of the personality is not important for an individual, and social attitude is represented through disharmonious orientations. The paper also proves subject-object orientation of relations and interrelation between motivation-need sphere and self-attitude of an individual in drug dependence condition.